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<h1>C 标准库参考手册</h1>
<p>C Standard Library Reference Manual (2025-12-18)</p>
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<!-- 数据部分 -->
<script>
// C 标准库树形数据
// 返回 NULL 并非"没结果"，可能指针传递信息。
const cLibraryData = [
{
name: "一、assert.h，诊断",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. void assert(int exp)", desc: "验证程序假设，失败时终止程序", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "二、ctype.h，字符处理函数",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. int isalnum(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为字母或数字", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. int isalpha(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为字母", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. int iscntrl(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为控制字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "4. int isdigit(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为十进制数字", type: "file" },
{ name: "5. int isgraph(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否有图形表示法", type: "file" },
{ name: "6. int islower(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为小写字母", type: "file" },
{ name: "7. int isprint(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为可打印字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "8. int ispunct(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为标点符号", type: "file" },
{ name: "9. int isspace(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为空白字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "10. int isupper(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为大写字母", type: "file" },
{ name: "11. int isxdigit(int c)", desc: "检查字符是否为十六进制数字", type: "file" },
{ name: "12. int tolower(int c)", desc: "将大写字母转换为小写字母", type: "file" },
{ name: "13. int toupper(int c)", desc: "将小写字母转换为大写字母", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "三、float.h，浮点型限制",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. int FLT_RADIX", desc: "指数表示的基数（最小值2）", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. int FLT_ROUNDS", desc: "加法的浮点舍入规则", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. int FLT_MANT_DIG", desc: "基数为FLT_RADIX 的尾数中的数字数", type: "file" },
{ name: "4. int FLT_MAX_EXP", desc: "使FLT_RADIX^n-1 可表示的最大n", type: "file" },
{ name: "5. int FLT_MIN_EXP", desc: "使10^n 为规范化数的最小n", type: "file" },
{ name: "6. int DBL_MANT_DIG", desc: "基数为FLT_RADIX 的尾数中的数字数", type: "file" },
{ name: "7. int DBL_MAX_EXP", desc: "使FLT_RADIX^n-1 可表示的最大n", type: "file" },
{ name: "8. int DBL_MIN_EXP", desc: "使10^n 为规范化数的最小n", type: "file" },
{ name: "9. float FLT_DIG", desc: "float 类型精度 （最小值6） ", type: "file" },
{ name: "10. float FLT_EPSILON", desc: "使1.0 + x != 1.0 成立的最小x（最小值1E-5）", type: "file" },
{ name: "11. float FLT_MAX", desc: "最大浮点数（最小值1E+37）", type: "file" },
{ name: "12. float FLT_MIN", desc: "最小的规范化浮点数（最小值1E-37）", type: "file" },
{ name: "13. double DBL_DIG", desc: "double 类型精度（最小值10）", type: "file" },
{ name: "14. double DBL_EPSILON", desc: "使1.0 + x != 1.0 成立的最小x（最小值1E-9）", type: "file" },
{ name: "15. double DBL_MAX", desc: "最大双精度浮点数（最小值1E+37）", type: "file" },
{ name: "16. double DBL_MIN", desc: "最小的规范化双精度浮点数（最小值1E-37）", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "四、limits.h，整型限制",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. int CHAR_BIT", desc: "char 类型的位数（最小值8）", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. int CHAR_MAX", desc: "char 类型的最大值", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. int CHAR_MIN", desc: "char 类型的最小值", type: "file" },
{ name: "4. int INT_MAX", desc: "int 类型的最大值 （最小值32767）", type: "file" },
{ name: "5. int INT_MIN", desc: "int 类型的最小值 （最小值-32767）", type: "file" },
{ name: "6. long LONG_MAX", desc: "long 类型的最大值（最小值2147483647）", type: "file" },
{ name: "7. long LONG_MIN", desc: "long 类型的最小值（最小值-2147483647）", type: "file" },
{ name: "8. int SCHAR_MAX", desc: "signed char 的最大值（最小值127）", type: "file" },
{ name: "9. int SCHAR_MIN", desc: "signed char 的最小值（最小值-127）", type: "file" },
{ name: "10. int SHRT_MAX", desc: "short 的最大值（最小值32767）", type: "file" },
{ name: "11. int SHRT_MIN", desc: "short 的最小值（最小值-32767）", type: "file" },
{ name: "12. unsigned int UCHAR_MAX", desc: "unsigned char 的最大值（最小值255）", type: "file" },
{ name: "13. unsigned int UINT_MAX", desc: "unsigned int 的最大值（最小值65535）", type: "file" },
{ name: "14. unsigned long ULONG_MAX", desc: "unsigned long 的最大值（最小值4294967295）", type: "file" },
{ name: "15. unsigned int USHRT_MAX", desc: "unsigned short 的最大值（最小值65535）", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "五、locale.h，地域化设置",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. char* setlocale(int category, const char* locale)", desc: "设置或读取地域化信息", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. struct lconv *localeconv(void)", desc: "获取地域化信息（如货币符号）", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "六、math.h，数学函数库",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. double acos(double x)", desc: "返回以弧度表示的x 的反余弦", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. double asin(double x)", desc: "返回以弧度表示的x 的反正弦", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. double atan(double x)", desc: "返回以弧度表示的x 的反正切", type: "file" },
{ name: "4. double atan2(double y, double x)", desc: "返回以弧度表示的y/x 的反正切，y 和x 的符号决定象限", type: "file" },
{ name: "5. double cos(double x)", desc: "返回弧度角x 的余弦", type: "file" },
{ name: "6. double cosh(double x)", desc: "返回x 的双曲余弦", type: "file" },
{ name: "7. double sin(double x)", desc: "返回弧度角x 的正弦", type: "file" },
{ name: "8. double sinh(double x)", desc: "返回x 的双曲正弦", type: "file" },
{ name: "9. double tanh(double x)", desc: "返回x 的双曲正切", type: "file" },
{ name: "10. double exp(double x)", desc: "返回e 的x 次幂的值", type: "file" },
{ name: "11. double frexp(double x, int *exponent)", desc: "分解浮点数x 为尾数和指数，返回尾数，指数存入exponent", type: "file" },
{ name: "12. double ldexp(double x, int exponent)", desc: "返回x 乘以2 的exponent 次幂", type: "file" },
{ name: "13. double log(double x)", desc: "返回x 的自然对数（基数为e）", type: "file" },
{ name: "14. double log10(double x)", desc: "返回x 的常用对数（基数为10）", type: "file" },
{ name: "15. double modf(double x, double *integer)", desc: "返回小数部分，并设置integer 为整数部分", type: "file" },
{ name: "16. double pow(double x, double y)", desc: "返回x的y 次幂", type: "file" },
{ name: "17. double sqrt(double x)", desc: "返回x 的平方根", type: "file" },
{ name: "18. double ceil(double x)", desc: "返回大于或等于x的最小整数值", type: "file" },
{ name: "19. double fabs(double x)", desc: "返回x 的绝对值", type: "file" },
{ name: "20. double floor(double x)", desc: "返回小于或等于x的最大整数值", type: "file" },
{ name: "21. double fmod(double x, double y)", desc: "返回x 除以y 的余数", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "七、setjmp.h，非局部跳转",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. void longjmp(jmp_buf environment, int value)", desc: "恢复由setjmp 保存的环境", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. int setjmp(jmp_buf env)", desc: "保存当前执行环境", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "八、signal.h，信号处理",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. void (*signal(int sig, void (*func)(int)))(int)", desc: "设置信号处理函数", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. int raise(int sig)", desc: "生成指定信号", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "九、stdarg.h，变长参数",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. void va_start(va_list ap, lastarg)", desc: "初始化可变参数列表", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. void va_end(va_list ap)", desc: "清理可变参数列表", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. type va_arg(va_list ap, type)", desc: "获取下一个可变参数", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "十、stdio.h，输入输出函数",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. void clearerr(FILE *stream)", desc: "清除文件流的错误标识符", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. void perror(const char* str)", desc: "输出错误描述到标准错误", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. void rewind(FILE *stream)", desc: "重置文件位置到开头", type: "file" },
{ name: "4. void setbuf(FILE *stream, char* buffer)", desc: "设置文件缓冲区", type: "file" },
{ name: "5. int fclose(FILE *stream)", desc: "关闭文件流", type: "file" },
{ name: "6. int feof(FILE *stream)", desc: "测试文件结束标识符", type: "file" },
{ name: "7. int ferror(FILE *stream)", desc: "测试文件流的错误标识符", type: "file" },
{ name: "8. int fflush(FILE *stream)", desc: "刷新输出缓冲区", type: "file" },
{ name: "9. int fgetpos(FILE *stream, fpos_t *pos)", desc: "获取文件当前位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "10. int fsetpos(FILE *stream, const fpos_t *pos)", desc: "设置文件位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "11. int fseek(FILE *stream, long int offset, int whence)", desc: "设置文件位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "12. int remove(const char* filename)", desc: "删除文件", type: "file" },
{ name: "13. int rename(const char* old_filename, const char* new_filename)", desc: "重命名文件", type: "file" },
{ name: "14. int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char* buffer, int mode, size_t size)", desc: "设置文件缓冲模式", type: "file" },
{ name: "15. int ungetc(int char, FILE *stream)", desc: "将字符推回文件流", type: "file" },
{ name: "16. long int ftell(FILE *stream)", desc: "返回当前文件位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "17. FILE *fopen(const char* filename, const char* mode)", desc: "打开文件", type: "file" },
{ name: "18. FILE *freopen(const char* filename, const char* mode, FILE *stream)", desc: "重新打开文件流", type: "file" },
{ name: "19. FILE *tmpfile(void)", desc: "创建临时文件", type: "file" },
{ name: "20. char* fgets(char* str, int n, FILE *stream)", desc: "从文件流读取一行", type: "file" },
{ name: "21. char* tmpnam(char* str)", desc: "生成唯一临时文件名", type: "file" },
{ name: "22. size_t fread(void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream)", desc: "从文件读取数据", type: "file" },
{ name: "23. size_t fwrite(const void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream)", desc: "向文件写入数据", type: "file" },
{ name: "24. int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char* format, ...)", desc: "格式化输出到文件流", type: "file" },
{ name: "25. int printf(const char* format, ...)", desc: "格式化输出到标准输出", type: "file" },
{ name: "26. int sprintf(char* str, const char* format, ...)", desc: "格式化输出到字符串", type: "file" },
{ name: "27. int vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char* format, va_list arg)", desc: "使用参数列表格式化输出到文件流", type: "file" },
{ name: "28. int vprintf(const char* format, va_list arg)", desc: "使用参数列表格式化输出到标准输出", type: "file" },
{ name: "29. int vsprintf(char* str, const char* format, va_list arg)", desc: "使用参数列表格式化输出到字符串", type: "file" },
{ name: "30. int snprintf(char* buf, size_t num, const char* format, ...)", desc: "安全格式化输出到字符串", type: "file" },
{ name: "31. int vsnprintf(char* buf, size_t num, const char* format, va_list arg)", desc: "安全可变参数格式化输出", type: "file" },
{ name: "32. int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char* format, ...)", desc: "从文件流读取格式化输入", type: "file" },
{ name: "33. int scanf(const char* format, ...)", desc: "从标准输入读取格式化输入", type: "file" },
{ name: "34. int sscanf(const char* str, const char* format, ...)", desc: "从字符串读取格式化输入", type: "file" },
{ name: "35. int fgetc(FILE *stream)", desc: "从文件流读取单个字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "36. int getc(FILE *stream)", desc: "从文件流读取单个字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "37. int getchar(void)", desc: "从标准输入读取单个字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "38. int fputc(int char, FILE *stream)", desc: "写入字符到文件流", type: "file" },
{ name: "39. int putc(int char, FILE *stream)", desc: "写入字符到文件流", type: "file" },
{ name: "40. int putchar(int char)", desc: "写入字符到标准输出", type: "file" },
{ name: "41. int fputs(const char* str, FILE *stream)", desc: "写入字符串到文件流", type: "file" },
{ name: "42. int puts(const char* str)", desc: "写入字符串到标准输出", type: "file" },
{ name: "43. int gets(char* str)", desc: "从标准输入读取一行（已弃用）", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "十一、stdlib.h，标准库函数",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. void abort(void)", desc: "使程序异常终止", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. void exit(int status)", desc: "使程序正常终止", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. void free(void* ptr)", desc: "释放之前分配的内存空间", type: "file" },
{ name: "4. void qsort(void* base, size_t nitems, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void* , const void*))", desc: "数组排序", type: "file" },
{ name: "5. void srand(unsigned int seed)", desc: "初始化随机数发生器", type: "file" },
{ name: "6. int atoi(const char* str)", desc: "将字符串转换为int 类型整数", type: "file" },
{ name: "7. int atexit(void (*func)(void))", desc: "程序正常终止时调用指定函数", type: "file" },
{ name: "8. int mblen(const char* str, size_t n)", desc: "返回多字节字符的长度", type: "file" },
{ name: "9. int mbtowc(whcar_t *pwc, const char* str, size_t n)", desc: "检查多字节字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "10. int rand(void)", desc: "返回0 到RAND_MAX 之间的伪随机数", type: "file" },
{ name: "11. int system(const char* string)", desc: "执行系统命令", type: "file" },
{ name: "12. int wctomb(char* str, wchar_t wchar)", desc: "检查宽字符的多字节编码", type: "file" },
{ name: "13. long atol(const char* str)", desc: "将字符串转换为long int 类型长整数", type: "file" },
{ name: "14. int abs(int x)", desc: "返回x 的绝对值", type: "file" },
{ name: "15. long labs(long int x)", desc: "返回x 的绝对值", type: "file" },
{ name: "16. double atof(const char* str)", desc: "将字符串转换为double 类型浮点数", type: "file" },
{ name: "17. div_t div(int numer, int denom)", desc: "分子除以分母", type: "file" },
{ name: "18. ldiv_t ldiv(long int numer, long int denom)", desc: "分子除以分母", type: "file" },
{ name: "19. char* getenv(const char* name)", desc: "搜索环境字符串并返回相关值", type: "file" },
{ name: "20. void* calloc(size_t nitems, size_t size)", desc: "分配内存空间并返回指针", type: "file" },
{ name: "21. void* malloc(size_t size)", desc: "分配内存空间并返回指针", type: "file" },
{ name: "22. void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size)", desc: "重新调整内存块大小", type: "file" },
{ name: "23. void* bsearch(const void* key, const void* base, size_t nitems, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void* , const void* ))", desc: "执行二分查找", type: "file" },
{ name: "24. double strtod(const char* str, char* *endptr)", desc: "将字符串转换为double 类型浮点数", type: "file" },
{ name: "25. long strtol(const char* str, char* *endptr, int base)", desc: "将字符串转换为long int 类型长整数", type: "file" },
{ name: "26. unsigned long strtoul(const char* str, char* *endptr, int base)", desc: "将字符串转换为unsigned long int 类型无符号长整数", type: "file" },
{ name: "27. size_t mbstowcs(schar_t *pwcs, const char* str, size_t n)", desc: "将多字节字符串转换为宽字符数组", type: "file" },
{ name: "28. size_t wcstombs(char* str, const wchar_t *pwcs, size_t n)", desc: "将宽字符数组转换为多字节字符串", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "十二、string.h，字符串处理函数 ❤",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. void* memchr(const void* str, int c, size_t n)", desc: "在字符串中搜索字符首次出现的位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. void* memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, size_t n)", desc: "复制n 个字符从src 到dest", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. void* memmove(void* dest, const void* src, size_t n)", desc: "复制n 个字符（处理重叠）", type: "file" },
{ name: "4. void* memset(void* str, int c, size_t n)", desc: "将字符c 复制到字符串前n 个字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "5. char* strcat(char* dest, const char* src)", desc: "追加字符串src 到dest 末尾", type: "file" },
{ name: "6. char* strncat(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n)", desc: "追加src 的前n 个字符到dest", type: "file" },
{ name: "7. char* strchr(const char* str, int c)", desc: "在字符串中搜索字符首次出现的位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "8. char* strcpy(char* dest, const char* src)", desc: "复制字符串src 到dest", type: "file" },
{ name: "9. char* strncpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n)", desc: "复制src 的前n 个字符到dest", type: "file" },
{ name: "10. char* strerror(int errnum)", desc: "返回错误码对应的错误消息字符串", type: "file" },
{ name: "11. char* strpbrk(const char* str1, const char* str2)", desc: "在str1 中查找str2 中任意字符首次出现的位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "12. char* strrchr(const char* str, int c)", desc: "在字符串中搜索字符最后一次出现的位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "13. char* strstr(const char* haystack, const char* needle)", desc: "在字符串中查找子串首次出现的位置", type: "file" },
{ name: "14. char* strtok(char* str, const char* delim)", desc: "分解字符串为标记序列", type: "file" },
{ name: "15. int memcmp(const void* str1, const void* str2, size_t n)", desc: "比较两个字符串的前n 个字节", type: "file" },
{ name: "16. int strcmp(const char* str1, const char* str2)", desc: "比较两个字符串", type: "file" },
{ name: "17. int strncmp(const char* str1, const char* str2, size_t n)", desc: "比较两个字符串的前n 个字符", type: "file" },
{ name: "18. int strcoll(const char* str1, const char* str2)", desc: "根据地域设置比较字符串", type: "file" },
{ name: "19. size_t strcspn(const char* str1, const char* str2)", desc: "返回str1 中不含str2 字符的起始段长度", type: "file" },
{ name: "20. size_t strlen(const char* str)", desc: "返回字符串长度", type: "file" },
{ name: "21. size_t strspn(const char* str1, const char* str2)", desc: "返回str1 中只包含str2 字符的起始段长度", type: "file" },
{ name: "22. size_t strxfrm(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n)", desc: "转换字符串为当前地域的可比较形式", type: "file" }
]
},
{
name: "十三、time.h，时间日期函数",
type: "folder",
children: [
{ name: "1. char* asctime(const struct tm *timeptr)", desc: "将时间结构转换为字符串", type: "file" },
{ name: "2. char* ctime(const time_t *timer)", desc: "将时间转换为本地时间字符串", type: "file" },
{ name: "3. clock_t clock(void)", desc: "返回程序执行时间", type: "file" },
{ name: "4. double difftime(time_t time1, time_t time2)", desc: "计算两个时间的差值（秒）", type: "file" },
{ name: "5. struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *timer)", desc: "将时间转换为协调世界时（UTC）", type: "file" },
{ name: "6. struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timer)", desc: "将时间转换为本地时间", type: "file" },
{ name: "7. time_t mktime(struct tm *timeptr)", desc: "将时间结构转换为time_t 值", type: "file" },
{ name: "8. time_t time(time_t *timer)", desc: "获取当前日历时间", type: "file" },
{ name: "9. size_t strftime(char* str, size_t maxsize, const char* format, const struct tm *timeptr)", desc: "格式化时间字符串", type: "file" }
]
}
];
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