《数据结构、算法与应用C++语言描述》使用C++语言实现链表队列
定义
队列的定义
队列（queue）是一个线性表，其插入和删除操作分别在表的不同端进行。插入元素的那一端称为队尾（back或rear），删除元素的那一端称为队首（front）。
队列的抽象数据类型
链表队列代码
_17queue.h
抽象类栈。
cpp
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 队列的抽象类
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _QUEUE_H_
#define _QUEUE_H_
template<class T>
class queue
{
public:
virtual ~queue() {}
virtual bool empty() const = 0;//返回true,当且仅当队列为空
virtual int size() const = 0;//返回队列中元素个数
virtual T& front() = 0;//返回头元素的引用
virtual T& back() = 0;//返回尾元素的引用
virtual void pop() = 0;//删除首元素
virtual void push(const T& theElement) = 0;//把元素theELment加入队尾
};
#endif_6chainNode.h
cpp
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日22点06分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 链表的结点
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _CHAINNODE_H_
#define _CHAINNODE_H_
template <class T>
struct chainNode
{
//数据成员
T element;
chainNode<T>* next;
//方法
chainNode() {}
chainNode(const T& element)
{
this->element = element;
this->next = nullptr;
}
chainNode(const T& element, chainNode<T>* next)
{
this->element = element;
this->next = next;
}
};
#endif_21linkedQueue.h
cpp
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 链表存储的队列的头文件
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _LINKEDQUEUE_H_
#define _LINKEDQUEUE_H_
#include<sstream>
#include<iostream>
#include "_1myExceptions.h"
#include "_6chainNode.h"
#include "_17queue.h"
/*测试函数*/
void linkedQueueTest();
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class linkedQueue : public queue<T>
{
public:
/*成员函数*/
linkedQueue(int initialCapacity = 10)
{
theFront = theBack = nullptr;
queueSize = 0;
}
~linkedQueue();
bool empty() const { return queueSize == 0; }
//返回队列的元素个数
int size() const { return queueSize; }
/*清空队列中的元素*/
void clear();
/*返回第一个元素*/
T& front() { return theFront->element; }
/*返回最后一个元素*/
T& back() { return theBack->element; }
/*删除队首元素*/
void pop()
{
chainNode<T>* next = theFront->next;
delete theFront;
theFront = next;
queueSize--;
}
/*向队尾插入元素theElement*/
void push(const T& theElement)
{
if (queueSize == 0)
theFront = theBack = new chainNode<T>(theElement, nullptr);
else
{
theBack->next = new chainNode<T>(theElement, nullptr);
theBack = theBack->next;
}
queueSize++;
}
//void meld(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b);//合并队列a,b到当前队列
//void split(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b);//将当前队列分成两个队列a,b
/*重载操作符*/
/*重载[]操作符*/
T operator[](int i)
{
chainNode<T>* currentNode = theFront;
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
currentNode = currentNode->next;
return currentNode->element;
}
/*友元函数*/
friend istream& operator>> <T>(istream& in, linkedQueue<T>& m);
//输出但是不pop()元素
friend ostream& operator<< <T>(ostream& out, linkedQueue<T>& m);
private:
chainNode<T>* theFront; // 指向第一个元素的指针
chainNode<T>* theBack; // 指向最后一个元素的指针
int queueSize; // 队列的容量，实质上比队列容量(不包含queueFront指向的那一个位置)大1
};
/*友元函数*/
/*>>操作符*/
template<class T>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, linkedQueue<T>& m)
{
int numberOfElement = 0;
cout << "Please enter the number of element:";
while (!(in >> numberOfElement))
{
in.clear();//清空标志位
while (in.get() != '\n')//删除无效的输入
continue;
cout << "Please enter the number of element:";
}
T cinElement;
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfElement; i++)
{
cout << "Please enter the element " << i + 1 << ":";
while (!(in >> cinElement))
{
in.clear();//清空标志位
while (in.get() != '\n')//删除无效的输入
continue;
cout << "Please enter the element " << i + 1 << ":";
}
m.push(cinElement);
}
return in;
}
//输出但是不pop()元素
/*<<操作符*/
template<class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, linkedQueue<T>& m)
{
chainNode<T>* currentNode = m.theFront;
while(currentNode != nullptr)
{
cout << currentNode->element << " ";
currentNode = currentNode->next;
}
out << endl;
return out;
}
/*成员函数*/
/*析构函数*/
template<class T>
linkedQueue<T>::~linkedQueue()
{
chainNode<T>* nextNode = theFront;
while (nextNode != nullptr)
{
nextNode = nextNode->next;
delete theFront;
theFront = nextNode;
}
}
/*清空队列中的元素*/
template<class T>
void linkedQueue<T>::clear()
{
chainNode<T>* nextNode = theFront;
while (nextNode != nullptr)
{
nextNode = nextNode->next;
delete theFront;
theFront = nextNode;
}
queueSize = 0;
theFront = theBack = nullptr;
}
#endif_21linkedQueue.cpp
cpp
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 测试_21linkedQueue.h头文件中的所有函数
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include "_21linkedQueue.h"
using namespace std;
/*测试函数*/
void linkedQueueTest()
{
cout << endl << "*********************************linkedQueueTest()函数开始*************************************" << endl;
linkedQueue<int> a;
//测试输入和输出
cout << endl << "测试友元函数*******************************************" << endl;
cout << "输入输出************************" << endl;
cin >> a;
cout << "linkedQueue a is:" << a;
cout << endl << "测试成员函数*******************************************" << endl;
cout << "empty()*************************" << endl;
cout << "a.empty() = " << a.empty() << endl;
cout << "size()**************************" << endl;
cout << "a.size() = " << a.size() << endl;
cout << "push()**************************" << endl;
cout << "before push linkedQueue a is:" << a;
a.push(99);
a.push(22);
cout << "after push linkedQueue a is:" << a;
cout << "front()*************************" << endl;
cout << "a.front() = " << a.front() << endl;
cout << "back()**************************" << endl;
cout << "a.back() = " << a.back() << endl;
cout << "pop()***************************" << endl;
cout << "before pop linkedQueue a is:" << a;
a.pop();
a.pop();
cout << "after pop linkedQueue a is:" << a;
cout << "clear()*************************" << endl;
a.clear();
cout << "after clear linkedQueue a is:" << a;
cout << endl << "测试成员函数性能***************************************" << endl;
cout << "push()**************************" << endl;
linkedQueue<int> f;
double clocksPerMillis = double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC) / 1000;
clock_t startTime = clock();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++)
f.push(i);
double pushTime = (clock() - startTime) / clocksPerMillis;
cout << 10000 << " push took " << pushTime << " ms" << endl;
cout << "*********************************linkedQueueTest()函数结束*************************************" << endl;
}main.cpp
cpp
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: main()函数，控制运行所有的测试函数
*/
#include <iostream>
#include "_18arrayQueue.h"
int main()
{
arrayQueueTest();
return 0;
}_1myExceptions.h
cpp
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 综合各种异常
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _MYEXCEPTIONS_H_
#define _MYEXCEPTIONS_H_
#include <string>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// illegal parameter value
class illegalParameterValue
{
public:
illegalParameterValue(string theMessage = "Illegal parameter value")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// illegal input data
class illegalInputData
{
public:
illegalInputData(string theMessage = "Illegal data input")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// illegal index
class illegalIndex
{
public:
illegalIndex(string theMessage = "Illegal index")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// matrix index out of bounds
class matrixIndexOutOfBounds
{
public:
matrixIndexOutOfBounds
(string theMessage = "Matrix index out of bounds")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// matrix size mismatch
class matrixSizeMismatch
{
public:
matrixSizeMismatch(string theMessage =
"The size of the two matrics doesn't match")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// stack is empty
class stackEmpty
{
public:
stackEmpty(string theMessage =
"Invalid operation on empty stack")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// queue is empty
class queueEmpty
{
public:
queueEmpty(string theMessage =
"Invalid operation on empty queue")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// hash table is full
class hashTableFull
{
public:
hashTableFull(string theMessage =
"The hash table is full")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// edge weight undefined
class undefinedEdgeWeight
{
public:
undefinedEdgeWeight(string theMessage =
"No edge weights defined")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// method undefined
class undefinedMethod
{
public:
undefinedMethod(string theMessage =
"This method is undefined")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
#endif